Seed Starting & Hydroponics

Seed starting is sold by cell count, and the count decides how long seedlings can stay put before they need moving. A 72-cell tray holds small cells that need potting on within weeks. Kits here run $12 to $176, with the median at $28.

22 products

Cell Count and Cell Size

Cell count is the headline number and cell volume is the one that matters. A 72-cell tray in a standard footprint holds much smaller cells than a 12-cell tray in the same tray, so a high count means more seedlings and less time before each one is root-bound.

More cells means less room.

Choose high counts for things that transplant early, such as brassicas and lettuce, and low counts for anything that resents being moved.

Peat, Coir and Plug Types

Plugs come as compressed peat pellets, coir pellets and loose-fill cells. Peat pellets expand in water and hold together well. Coir is the peat-free alternative and drains faster, which is a benefit indoors and a nuisance under lights that dry trays out.

Jiffy at 6 listings carries most of the pellet range here, with Burpee at 4 and Ferry-Morse at 3 covering kits and seed.

Self-Watering Propagators

Self-watering trays wick from a reservoir below, which keeps moisture even across a tray without daily attention. The Burpee 72-cell kit is the format stocked here.

Even moisture is the point rather than less watering.

Hand-watered trays dry unevenly at the edges, and the edge cells are where germination fails first.

Countertop Hydroponics

Countertop hydroponic units grow herbs and salad in water with a light on a timer. They are appliances rather than garden equipment, and the running cost is the light rather than the seed.

Pods are usually proprietary.

Check whether a unit takes generic grow sponges before buying, because a locked pod system carries the same consumable trap as a printer.

Lighting and Heat

Seedlings need light closer than a windowsill provides, and the stretch that follows weak light cannot be undone. Heat mats raise soil temperature for germination and are a separate purchase from light. Germination needs warmth and growing on needs light, and buying one while assuming it does the other is the most common reason a tray of seed never comes up. The trays themselves sit alongside the small pots in pots and planters once seedlings are potted on.

The shelf units in greenhouses carry most of the tiered furniture these trays sit on.

Starting Formats Compared

FormatCellsPot on atSuitsPrice band
72-cell tray722 to 3 weeksLettuce, brassicas$12 to $30
36 to 50-cell tray36 to 503 to 5 weeksMost vegetables$15 to $35
12 to 24-cell tray12 to 245 to 8 weeksSquash, cucumber$18 to $40
Peat or coir pellets50 to 1002 to 4 weeksAnything$12 to $28
Countertop hydroponic6 to 12 podsNot applicableHerbs, salad$78 to $176

Seed Starting Questions

How many cells should a tray have?

High counts for plants that transplant early, low counts for anything that resents being moved. A 72-cell tray holds small cells that need potting on within two to three weeks.

Peat or coir pellets?

Peat holds together well and holds more water. Coir is the peat-free option and drains faster, which is a nuisance under lights that dry trays out.

Do self-watering trays save work?

They even out moisture more than they save time. Hand-watered trays dry at the edges, and edge cells are where germination fails first.

Are hydroponic pods proprietary?

Usually. Check whether a unit takes generic grow sponges before buying, or the consumable is locked to the manufacturer.

Is a windowsill enough light?

Rarely. Seedlings stretch under weak light and the stretch cannot be undone, so a light close overhead does more than a warmer room.